Dragon Genetics Hands on Lab

Introduction:

There are many patterns of inheritance.  This lab will explore Mendelian traits where alleles are dominant or recessive.  You will also have to understand genes that express incomplete dominance, codominance and are sex-linked. We will utilize this lab to explore those terms and to use our knowledge of gene combinations to create an organism.

Utilize this link to learn more about Mendelian traits, incomplete dominance and codominance.(Opens in new window) This link helps you to learn more about sex-linked genes. (Opens in new window)

Part 1 Procedure: Checking for Understanding (Worth up to 15pts)

1. For each genotype, tell me if it’s homozygous or heterozygous. If it is homozygous also tell me if it is dominant or recessive.
   1. BB
   2. jj
   3. Pp
   4. RR
   5. ff
2. Dimples (D) is dominant to (d) no dimples. Brown Eyes (B) are dominant to (b) blue eyes. For each genotype indicate the phenotype.
   1. Dd
   2. DD
   3. dd
   4. BB
   5. bb
   6. Bb
3. For each phenotype list the genotype(s). Trait: Red flower (R); White flower (r)
   1. Red flower (homozygous)
   2. Red flower (heterozygous)
   3. White flower

Part 2: Creating the Parents  (Worth up to 48 pts)

1. Flip a coin to determine the genotype for each trait and record it in the data table.
   1. Heads= allele 1, Tails = allele 2 ( Example: if you flipped heads twice, your dragon will have two copies of allele 1 for her genotype)
2. Determine the phenotype resulting from the allele pair for each trait.
3. Repeat steps 1-2 for each trait and complete the Mama Dragon’s Table 1.
   1. Pay attention to the notes under the trait; it means it does not fully follow Mendelian rules.

Example:

For  the trait Eye Size.  I flipped my coin 2 times. Flip 1= heads (E); Flip 2= heads (E).  So I would put EE in the Genotype box and Two Small Eyes in the Phenotype box for that trait.

Table 1: Genotypes and Phenotypes for Mama Dragon

Table 2: Genotype and Phenotypes for Daddy Dragon

Note: Dragon Hemophilia (Sex Linked). To determine Dad’s Genotype You only need to flip once to determine his X chromosome.  Since he’s dad, we know that his second allele will be Y.

Part 3: Punnett Square Predictions for Baby Dragon (Worth up to 10pts)

You will create Punnett squares to predict the results from a cross of mom and dad’s traits. Answer the following questions based on the parents you created in Part 2.

1. Eyes: What percent of offspring will have only one eye?
2. Eye Color: What percent of offspring will have pink eyes?
3. Tail Shape: What are the possible genotype(s) of your offspring?
4. Tail Color: What are the possible phenotypes of your offspring?
5. Teeth: What percent of offspring will have round teeth?
6. Feet: What are the probability of having an offspring with two-toes?
7. Horn Color: What are the possible phenotypical outcomes for your offspring? (Remember Codominant)
8. Ear Shape: What percent of offspring will have pointy ears?
9. Mane Texture: What would the phenotype be for an offspring that has the Mm genotype?
10. Dragon Hemophilia: What is the probability that Mama and Daddy Dragon will have
    1. A male with hemophilia
    2. A female with hemophilia

Add a Family Picture of Mama Dragon, Daddy Dragon and Baby Dragon based on YOUR Punnett results. 

(Note: Draw a picture and upload it into this document- Worth up to 5pts)

Analysis Questions (Worth up to 3.75pts each)

1. Give 2 ways that Codominance and Incomplete Dominance are different.
2. Is it possible for a woman who is homozygous dominant for normal blood clotting and a hemophilic man to have a son who has hemophilia? Why or why not?  (Hint:  Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait.)
3. Could a father with type A and a mother with type B blood have a child who has type O blood? Explain your answer.
4. Colorblindness is an X chromosome sex-linked disorder. If a colorblind male mates with a normal vision female
   1. What percentage (if any) of boys would be colorblind?
   2. What percentage (if any) of girls would be carriers of the colorblind allele?

Match (Worth  1pt each)

5. 5. Heterozygous
   6. Homozygous
   7. Dominant
   8. Recessive
   9. Allele
   10. Genotype
   11. Phenotypes

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5. 5. Two or more alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on a chromosome
   6. The physical trait that is expressed (can be seen)
   7. Two copies of the same allele
   8. The allele that is completely expressed
   9. The allele that is typically only expressed when partnered with an identical allele
   10. The genetic outcome obtained from parents; one from each parent
   11. Two different forms of an allele

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